Como Pokemon Light Platinum Kecleon

PLANT TESTING, DOMINICAN REPUBLIC

proven case of NO FRUIT FLY THE MEDITERRANEAN (Ceratitis capitata) IN THE DOMINICAN REPUBLIC


1.In its country or in neighboring countries, there is a historical document that testifies the existence of Mediterranean fruit fly in the past ("Ballou (HA). Report on the prevalaence of Some Pests and Diseases in the Wets Indies DURING 1912.-West Ind. Bull., Barbados, xiii, no, 4, September 22nd. 1913, pp 333-357. ") Want the opinion of your country in this regard.

Please note that the Dominican Republic there are no reports on the fruit fly Mediterranean (Ceratitis capitata) of any author, because this pest has never existed in the country. The report referred to the technical team from Japan is related to a study in the West Indies, dated 1912, which reports the presence of Ceratitis capitata in Dominica historical and geographical differentiation in the Dominican Republic presented in documents then, before we had made that point and sent geographical and historical documents that indicate the difference and distance from these two (2) countries, but apparently not understood the situation.

The map of Central America and the Caribbean presented here are observed in a large circle indicated the geographical position of the Dominican Republic and in a smaller circle Dominica's geographical position, it also adds general information about the two countries, the Republic Dominican Republic and Dominica.

hope that with this documentation technical staff to achieve understanding Japan that the documentation cited in 1912, as expressed in question No. 1 of this questionnaire, refers to Dominica, not the Dominican Republic.

2.Solicitamos sending information such as (their habits, which serve as host plants, period of reproduction, growth and development status, etc.) For flies as well as the Mediterranean fruit fly, Anastrepha and as other insect pests.

The life cycle of the fly of Western India (Anastrepha oblique Macquart) and Caribbean fruit fly (Anastrepha suspensa Loew.) Present in the Dominican Republic varies depending basically on the factors (temperature, humidity relative) and type of hosts. Among the biotic factors affecting the development of the populations of the fruit fly can be mentioned, predators, parasitoids, fungi and bacteria. The larvae are controlled in the field by Dorytobracon aerolatus introduced parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and the Utete sp. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) occurs naturally.

females of these flies lay their eggs in the fruit hatched between 1 and 5 days, the larvae begin feeding on the pulp to complete three (3) larval stages, becoming O14 pupa and 10 days after they become adults. The cycle varies between 21 and 45 days, depending on environmental factors above.

The adult insect remains mostly on the underside of the leaves, preferably in the middle of the trees, nearby trees also use host plants for the rest, reach sexual maturity between 5 and 20 days. The adult female is mated once lay their eggs on a nearby fruit ripening (60-70% maturity).

These flies have a high dispersal ability and adaptability to various media, in unfavorable conditions (drought, lack of hosts), is placed in the highest part of the tree, carried away by the wind, to find food and shelter sites. If there is abundant insect host plants stand still.

Table 1. List of host plants of fruit flies present in the Dominican Republic.



HOST SPECIES NAME COMMON FLY SPECIES

Mango Mangifera indica *
Anastrepha obliqua

guajaba * Guava Psidium
Anastrepha suspense

Spondias mombin *
Anastrepha obliqua Jobo


Plum Spondias purpurea *

Eugenia Anastrepha obliqua ** Apple Malaya malaccensis
Anastrepha suspensa

Syzygium jambos ** Pomo
Anastrepha obliqua


Carambola Averrhoa carambola **

Terminalia Anastrepha obliqua ** Almond Beach catappa
Anastrepha suspensa with Host
* principal. **
alternate hosts.


Figure 1. Melon production area, coffee, citrus and mango.



Table 3. List of fruit imported into the Dominican Republic.

EXPORTING PRODUCT NUMBER DATE
GRAPES FRUIT
USA MIAMI 26/07/2005 2.040 20.000 07/28/2005 1.525 07/28/2005 USA

FRUITS FRUITS APPLES
USA USA 29.07.2005 45.000 1.050 4 / 8 / 2005 CHILE
APPLES AND KIWI FRUIT FRESH
71.320 05/08/2005 08/09/2005 USA
30486.28 4.950 8/17/2005 SPAIN FRESH GRAPES USA 34.552
GRAPES APPLES AND GRAPES
08/17/2005 USA 10 & 20 FRESH GRAPES
USA 08/17/2005 08/17/2005 15021.72
APPLES AND GRAPES AND 20 USA 10 USA 08/17/2005 2.625 18
FRUIT / 8 / 2005 08/18/2005 26.957

USA FRUITS APPLES, PEAR AND KIWI CHILE 5.880 23/8/2005
BOXES APPLE, PEAR AND KIWI
CHILE 5.880 08/24/2005 APPLE, PEAR AND KIWI CHILE 5.880 24 / 8 / 2005
APPLE, PEAR AND KIWI FRUIT CHILE FRESH
5.880 08/24/2005 08/26/2005 USA 31428.82
CHILE FRESH FRUIT FRESH APPLE
8.666 26/08/2005 08/29/2005 43.218
USA USA FRESH FRUITS - 29/8/2005 1.540
FRESH GRAPES USA 09/01/2005 USA 980
APPLES FRESH FRUIT
USA 09/01/2005 09/02/2005 25.985
APPLES AND PEARS GRAPES
CHILE 09/05/2005 18.480 28.100 09/09/2005
FRESH FRUITS USA USA 12.200
12/09/2005 APPLE, PEAR AND KIWI CHILE
09/16/2005 5.880 14.503 09/20/2005 USA FRESH GRAPES GRAPES

USA 09/23/2005 31,482.36 56524.80 09/23/2005 CHILE FRESH APPLES GRAPES
USA 6 LBS. FRESH GRAPES
USA 28/9/2005 29/9/2005 15.240 7.414
10/01/2005 CANADA FRESH APPLE PRODUCT

EXPORTING COUNTRY DATE QUANTITY GRAPES GRAPES USA USA
1.600 1.600 03/10/2005 03/10/2005
USA GRAPES FRESH APPLE
1.550 03/10/2005 USA 57877.17 10/03/2005
APPLES AND KIWI CHILE 99.160 15.000 03/10/2005 05/10/2005 USA

GRAPES FRUITS AND VEGETABLES USA 06/10/2005 9.806
CALIFORNIA APPLES AND PEARS
46.746 10/11/2005 CALIFORNIA FRESH GRAPES FRESH PEARS
38.400 10/11/2005 11/10/2005 USA 16891.95
CHILE APPLES AND PEARS FRESH DATES
10/12/2005 1.207 2.508 10/12/2005 USA USA
GRAPES
30481.72 10/13/2005 CALIFORNIA FRESH GRAPES
30155.13 10/13/2005 APPLE, PEAR AND KIWI
CHILE 5.880 10/17/2005 APPLE, PEAR AND KIWI
CHILE 5.880 10/17/2005 APPLE, PEAR AND KIWI APPLE
CHILE 5.880 10/17/2005 , PEAR AND KIWI CHILE 17/10/2005 5.880
APPLE, PEAR AND KIWI CHILE 5.880 10/18/2005
APPLES, PEARS CHILE 5.880 18/10/2005
KIWI APPLE, PEAR, KIWI
CHILE 4.150 10/18/2005 APPLE, PEAR, KIWI 10/18/2005 5.880 CHILE
APPLE, PEAR FRUIT CHILE MIAMI
5.808 29.573 10/18/2005 10/18/2005 18/10/2005 18.670 MIAMI

APPLES GRAPES CALIFORNIA FRESH FRUIT
MIAMI 32.240 22.684 10/18/2005 18/10/2005 MIAMI
GRAPES AND PEACHES FRESH FRUIT
18/10/2005 10.830 20.773 10/20/2005 MIAMI MIAMI FRESH FRUITS
180 AND FRESH APPLES
2.50 10/21/2005 10/21/2005 USA
1.050 APPLES FRESH USA 78 AND 747.5 21/10/2005
CHILE FRESH APPLE
10/21/2005 14.400 30,065.22 CALIFORNIA FRESH GRAPES FRESH APPLE
USA 21/10/2005 115,487.62 10/21/2005 10/24/2005 1.540

GRAPES GRAPES USA USA 168.000
24/10/2005 FRESH FRUIT USA 25/10/2005
168.000 EXPORTING PRODUCT NUMBER DATE 168.000
USA FRESH FRUIT FRESH FRUIT
10/25/2005 10/25/2005 USA 168.000 91.200
CHILE FRESH APPLES FRESH FRUIT CHILE
25/10/2005 3.744 26 / FRESH FRUITS
USA 10/2005 10/26/2005 1.960 4.949
USA FRESH FRUIT FRESH FRUIT
USA 10/26/2005 26/10/2005 2.722 57.740
USA APPLES FRESH APPLES AND PEARS
10/26/2005 USA 108.882 SPAIN FRUIT
26/10/2005 10/26/2005 17.750 18.670
USA FRESH APPLES FRESH GRAPES
USA 10/28/2005 10/28/2005 43.772 118,912.80 CHILE
APPLES FRESH APPLES FRESH
10/28/2005 USA 42.448 28 / 10/2005
USA APPLES FRESH APPLES FRESH
10/28/2005 18.158 84.116 CANADA FRESH APPLE
USA 01/11/2005 02/11/2005 19.558 85.120
CHILE FRESH APPLES FRESH GRAPES
31/11/2005 USA 64.680 31 / 11/2005
FRESH GRAPES APPLES
USA CANADA 11/03/2005 4.790 19.551 3/11/2005 91.200 3/11/2005

APPLES CHILE MIAMI FRESH FRUIT FRESH FRUIT
11/03/2005 1.380 1.380 USA 3 / 11 / 2005
FRESH FRUITS USA 11/03/2005 1.380 1.380
USA FRESH FRUIT FRESH FRUIT
MIAMI 03/11/2005 11/03/2005 1.380 3.344 11/03/2005 USA

APPLES APPLES APPLES
USA USA 03.11.2005 1.960 4.949 3 / 11/2005 03/11/2005 2.722

USA APPLES GRAPES FRESH APPLE USA USA
15.500 1.029 07/11/2005 07/11/2005 19.551
07/11/2005 CANADA FRESH APPLES APPLES AND PEARS
USA 2.911 4 /
11/2005 FRESH GRAPES GRAPES
USA 11/07/2005 15.400 38.000 08/11/2005
USA FRESH APPLE PRODUCT
USA 08/11/2005 19.051 AMOUNT DATE
EXPORTING FRESH FRUITS APPLES USA
9.405 11/09/2005 PEARS AND GRAPES USA
1.112 11/09/2005 USA 33 9 / 112005
MIAMI DRY FRUIT FRESH APPLE
10/11/2005 19.792 24.336 11/10/2005
CHILE CHILE APPLES FRESH APPLES FRESH
10/11/2005 24.336 21.350 10/11/2005 USA USA 16.350
FRESH GRAPES APPLES
USA 10/11/2005 10/11/2005 4.648 3.744 10/11/2005

CHILE APPLES APPLES GRAPES
USA 404 USA 10/11/2005 33.310 14.669 11/15/2005 11/15/2005 USA
GRAPES FREQ USA
APPLES APPLES FRESH
11/15/2005 23.712 19.950 USA 14.630 11/15/2005 11/15/2005 USA

GRAPES APPLES AND PEARS GRAPES
USA USA 80.000 80.000 11/15/2005 15/11/2005
APPLES APPLES
USA 80.000 11/15/2005 USA 16.680 GRAPES AND APPLES AND PEARS
11/15/2005 2.254 11/15/2005 USA USA
GRAPES GRAPES USA
11.192 1.560 11/15/2005 11/15/2005 11/15/2005 980

APPLES APPLES USA USA 980 1.540 11/15/2005 11/16/2005 USA

GRAPES GRAPES GRAPES
USA USA 11.16.2005 1.540 1.540 1.540 11/16/2005 11/16/2005 USA
GRAPES GRAPES USA
1.540 16/11 / USA 2005
GRAPES APPLES
3.084 11/16/2005 11/16/2005 USA 980 USA 980
APPLES GRAPES
USA 11/16/2005 11/16/2005 1.540 1.127 11/16/2005

APPLES GRAPES USA USA 1.540 GRAPES
USA 16/11/2005 11/16/2005 1.540 14.700
USA 11/16/2005 FRESH FRUIT PRODUCT
EXPORTING COUNTRY DATE QUANTITY
GRAPES USA 14.676 1.050 11/16/2005 11/16/2005 USA

APPLES APPLES AND GRAPES USA 10 Y 120 11/16/2005 11/16/2005 4669.32

USA GRAPES APPLES, GRAPES AND PEARS USA 16915.99 16/11/2005
APPLES AND PEARS APPLES
USA USA 11.16.2005 20.805 20.352 1.029 17/11/2005 11/17/2005 USA

APPLES APPLES AND PEARS APPLES
USA 9.110 USA 11/17/2005 CALIFORNIA GRAPES
20.000 1.540 11/17/2005 11/17/2005 11/17/2005 1.540

CALIFORNIA GRAPES PEARS GRAPES CALIFORNIA USA 931 12.760 11/17/2005 11/17/2005

APPLE, PEAR AND KIWI USA 5.880 17/11/2005
APPLE, PEAR AND KIWI USA 5.880 17/11/2005
GRAPES AND PEACH KIWI
USA 11/17/2005 4.140, 5.880 APPLES AND PEARS USA 17/11/2005
KIWI, APPLES AND PEARS GRAPES
USA 11/17/2005 5.880, 4.140 peaches and plums USA FRESH FRUITS
USA 17/11/2005 11/17/2005 5.880 4.140
USA FRESH FRUIT FRESH FRUIT
USA 11/17/2005 11/17/2005 4.140 4.140
USA 11/17/2005 FRESH FRUIT FRESH FRUIT USA
4.140 17/11/2005 11/17/2005 14676.20

GRAPES APPLES USA USA USA 44.100 44.100 11/17/2005 11/17/2005

APPLE FRUITS APPLES USA CALIFORNIA
10.125 1.127 11/17/2005 11/17/2005 11/18/2005 1.029

USA APPLES FRESH FRUIT CHINA 23.000 44.100 18/11/2005 18/11/2005 USA

APPLES APPLES APPLES
USA USA 42.000 41.650 11/18/2005 11/18/2005 11/18/2005

GRAPES GRAPES USA USA 1.542 1.540 18/11 / 2005
apples, dates and figs USA 11/18/2005 1.099
EXPORTING PRODUCT NUMBER DATE
APPLES GRAPES
USA USA 11.18.2005 1.008 1.540 11.18.2005 9.261
CANADA FRESH FRUIT FRUIT
11/18/2005 CHILE FRESH APPLE
11/18/2005 4.992 1.248 23/11/2005
CHILE FRESH APPLES FRESH APPLES
USA 11/23/2005 44.100 44.100 23/11/2005
USA FRESH APPLES FRESH FRUIT USA
1.100 11/23/2005 FRESH USA 980 11/23/2005 FRESH APPLE

11/23/2005 USA 980 USA 980 FRESH APPLES FRESH PEARS
11/23/2005 23/11/2005 USA 931 USA 931
FRESH PEARS FRESH FRUIT
USA 11/23/2005 1.672 11/28/2005 USA
FRESH FRUIT FRESH FRUIT
11/28/2005 1.672 1.672 11/28/2005 USA USA
FRESH FRUIT FRESH FRUIT
11/28/2005 1.672 1.672 11/28/2005 USA USA 80.000 FRESH APPLE
11/29/2005
APPLES FRESH APPLES
CHILE 11/29/2005 20.216 70.216 29/11/2005
CHILE FRESH APPLES FRESH APPLES
USA 11/29/2005 9.051 9.051 11/29/2005 USA FRESH FRESH APPLE CANADA
2.862 11/30/2005 APPLES AND PEARS USA
3.962 11/30/2005 USA 108
BOX APPLES APPLES AND PEARS
30/11/2005 USA 931 USA 11/30/2005 FRESH FRUIT
11.183 1.540 11/30/2005 11/30/2005 USA

GRAPES GRAPES AND APPLES USA 24.200 30/11 / 2005
GRAPES GRAPES USA USA
1.540 14,669.32 11/30/2005 11/30/2005 16.684 CHILE
APPLES FRESH FRUIT
USA 11/30/2005 12/01/2005 1.904 5.916
USA 12/01/2005 FRESH FRUIT FRUIT
USA 17.520
FRESH FRUITS FRESH USA 12/01/2005 4.201 39.201 12/01/2005 12/02/2005 USA

APPLE PRODUCT NUMBER DATE
EXPORTING COUNTRY APPLES AND PEACHES APPLES
USA USA 12/05/2005 15.206 43.964 9 / GRAPES USA 14.960
12/2005 12/09/2005 APPLES
USA 64.239 43.164 12/09/2005 12/09/2005 USA

GRAPES GRAPES GRAPES
USA USA 14.670 12/12/2005 12/12/2005 1.540 1.150
USA APPLES FRESH APPLES FRESH
USA 12/12/2005 12/12/2005 41.074 10.880
USA FRESH FRUIT FRESH FRUIT
USA 12/12/2005 12/12/2005 10.880 10.880
USA FRESH FRUIT FRESH FRUIT
12/12/2005 12/12/2005 10.880
USA USA FRESH FRUITS 12/12/2005 10.880 9.140
USA FRESH FRUIT FRESH FRUIT
USA 12/12/2005 12/12/2005 9.140 9.140
USA FRESH FRUIT FRESH APPLE
12/12/2005 12/12/2005 41.100
USA USA FRESH APPLES FRESH FRUITS
44.512 12/12/2005 MIAMI 26.933 1.008 12/13/2005 12/14/2005
APPLES USA USA 10.880
FRESH FRUIT FRESH FRUIT
USA 12/14/2005 12/14/2005 10.880 10.880
USA FRESH FRUIT FRESH FRUIT
USA 12/14/2005 12/14/2005 10.880 10.880
USA FRESH FRUIT FRESH FRUIT
12/14/2005 12/19/2005 11.150 MIAMI MIAMI FRESH FRUITS

12/19/2005 1.396 1.396 12/19/2005 MIAMI FRESH FRUIT FRESH FRUIT
USA
12/19/2005 24.550 25.300 12/19/2005 USA FRESH GRAPES APPLES AND PEARS
USA FRESH GRAPES
1.015 12/19/2005 12/22/2005 USA 1.560 1.396
USA 12/22/2005 FRESH FRUIT FRESH FRUIT
GRAPES
USA 21.880 12/22/2005 MIAMI AND APPLES FRESH FRUIT
200 12/27/2005 27/12/2005 USA 27.545
12/29/2005 38,273.61 WASHINGTON FRESH FRUITS EXPORTING
PRODUCT NUMBER DATE BRAZIL
APPLES AND PEARS FRESH GRAPES 10.000
USA 03/01/2006 FRESH APPLE
10/01/2006 38.400 931 10/01/2006 USA USA
1.827 10/01/2006 FRESH APPLES GRAPES AND APPLES
USA
01/11/2006 30.277 10.888 01/25/2006 USA FRESH FRUIT FRESH FRUIT
USA 01/25/2006 10.888 10.888
USA FRESH FRUIT FRESH FRUIT
USA 01/25/2006 01/25/2006 10.888 2.286
CHILE FRESH FRUIT FRESH FRUIT CHILE
01/31/2006 02/08/2006 3.043
USA APPLES 08/02/2006 19.203
MIAMI FRESH FRUIT FRESH FRUIT
09/02/2006 1.326 1.326 09/02/2006 USA USA
FRESH FRUIT FRESH FRUIT
1.326 02/09/2006 09/02/2006 USA
1.326 1.326 02/09/2006 FRESH FRUIT
USA 200 MIAMI FRESH FRUIT FRESH FRUIT CHILE
09/02/2006 09/02/2006 72.625 72.625
CHILE FRESH FRUIT FRESH FRUIT CHILE
02/09/2006 10/02/2006 1.222 337.210
CHILE FRESH FRUIT
02/16/2006 FRESH FRUITS USA 02/16/2006 4.011 19.510
CHILE FRESH GRAPES FRESH GRAPES
02/16/2006 02/16/2006 38.614
CHILE CHILE FRESH FRUIT FRESH FRUIT
02/16/2006 23.712 10.880 17/02/2006
CHILE CHILE FRESH FRUIT
10.880 02/17/2006 CHILE FRESH FRUIT FRESH FRUIT
38.168 MIAMI 02/20/2006 02/20/2006 8.850 18.697
CHILE FRESH FRUIT FRESH APPLE U.S.
02/22/2006 02/23/2006 37.340 42.000
VARIOUS FRUIT CHILE
02/24/2006 03/01/2006 MIAMI
FRUIT FRUIT CHILE 7.598 18.697 550.298 03/01/2006 03/01/2006 U.S.

FRUIT GRAPES AND PEARS APPLES CHILE 43.000 U.S.
03/01/2006 - 2/3/2006
EXPORTING PRODUCTS AMOUNT DATE
GRAPES, plums and nectarines CHILE 03/03/2006 39.254
GRAPES, plums and nectarines CANADA 03/03/2006 21.278
APPLES, GRAPES, PLUMS 1.616 CHILE CHILE FRESH FRUIT
03/03/2006 21.174 6 / 3 / 2006 U.S.
FRESH FRUIT
03/08/2006 13,471.83 MIAMI FRESH FRUIT FRESH PEARS
1.326 03/08/2006 09/03/2006
CHILE FRESH FRUIT 112 U.S. 200
09.03.2006 03.10.2006 449.000 CHILE FRESH FRUIT FRESH FRUIT CHILE
03/10/2006 449.000 449.000
CHILE FRESH FRUIT FRESH FRUIT CHILE
03/10/2006 03/10/2006 449.000 449.000
CHILE FRESH FRUIT FRESH FRUIT
03/10/2006 03/10/2006 449.000
CHILE CHILE FRESH FRUIT 03/10/2006 449.000 449.000
CHILE FRESH FRUIT FRESH FRUIT CHILE
03/10/2006 03/10/2006 449.000 106.625
CHILE FRESH FRUIT FRESH FRUIT CHILE
03/10/2006 03/14/2006 42862.40 U.S.
FRESH FRUIT 17/3/2006 56,943.66 4.776
CHILE FRESH FRUIT FRESH FRUIT CHILE
03/21/2006 03/21/2006 16.333 19.500 03/21/2006

GRAPES FRUIT CHILE CHILE FRESH FRUIT
3/21/2006 46.420 12.471 3/21/2006
U.S. APPLES 03/21/2006 20.354 CHILE AND PEARS APPLES AND PEARS
CHILE FRESH FRUIT
70.000 03/23/2006 8.814 03/27/2006 U.S.
600 U.S. APPLES AND GRAPES APPLES AND GRAPES
03/31/2006 88,073.20 CHILE 31 / 3 / 2006 U.S.
FRESH APPLES FRESH FRUIT
57,477.09 4/4/2006 4/5/2006 7.788 MIAMI
CALIFORNIA RAISINS
04/06/2006 13.949 Spain 18.800 FRUITS AND VEGETABLES FRUITS AND VEGETABLES 06/04/2006
Spain 18.800 6 / 4 / 2006 6.483
CHILE FRESH FRUIT FRESH APPLE BOXES
U.S. 11/4/2006 11/4/2006 1.029 35.500
CHILE FRESH FRUIT BOXES 11/4/2006
PRODUCT NUMBER DATE
EXPORTING FRESH GRAPES FRUIT CHILE U.S.
17.712 2000 04/11/2006 12 / 4 / 2006
MIAMI FRESH FRUIT FRESH FRUIT
4.400 13/04/2006 04/13/2006 USA 10.600 182.920
CHILE FRESH FRUIT FRESH FRUIT CHILE
04/13/1906 04/17/1906 182.920 182.920
CHILE FRESH FRUIT 4.17 / 06 USA 37.740
FRESH APPLE FRESH FRUIT
USA 04/18/1906 04/19/2006 21.070 23.192 19/04/1906
APPLE Spain USA
FRESH FRUIT FRESH FRUIT
20/04/1906 23.055 23.055 04.21 USA / FRESH FRUITS
USA 06 23.055 21/04/2006
APPLES / UVA CHILE 24/04/1906 16.000 185.500
CHILE FRESH FRUIT APPLES
04/25/1906 / 27/04/2006
PEARS CHILE 146.420 19.500 UVA CHILE FRESH FRUIT FRESH
27/04/1906 MIAMI 16.100 / 14.555 4/28/1906 17.712
UVA FRESH CHILE CHILE FRESH APPLE
04/29/1906 28/04/1906 41.440 88.889
CHILE FRESH PEACH PEACH FRESH CHILE
05/03/2006 05/03/2006 44.749
FRESH PEACH 46.749 CHILE CHILE FRESH PEACH
05/03/2006 03/05/2006 38.889 19.604
USA 03/05/2006 FRESH APPLE APPLES
/ PEARS CHILE FROZEN STRAWBERRIES
22.400 05/04/2006 8.970 04/05/2006 CHILE
APPLES / PEARS CHILE
48.000 04/05/2006 APPLES / PEARS / KIWI APPLE
05/08/2006 20.448 CHILE / PEARS / KIWI USA 05/08/2006 27.558 85.913
CHILE FRESH FRUIT FRESH FRUIT
USA 05/09/2006 05/10/2006 2.171 2.171
USA FRESH FRUITS FRESH FRUITS
USA 10/5/2006 10/5/2006 2.171 2.171
USA FRESH FRUIT FRESH FRUIT
USA 05/10/2006 05/10/2006 2.171 50.000
CHILE FRESH FRUIT FRESH GRAPES
05/11/2006 43.200 CHILE 11/5/2006
EXPORTING PRODUCT NUMBER DATE
GRAPES AND APPLES APPLES
MIAMI USA 600 5/12/2006 5/15/2006 57.477 23.408 5/17/2006 CHILE

APPLES APPLES AND PEARS USA 57.477 17 / 5 / CHILE FRUIT 23.762 2006

05/17/2006 CHILE FRUIT FRUIT CHILE
17.214 22.263 05/18/2006 05/18/2006 05/18/2006

FRUIT FRUIT CHILE CHILE 449.000 449.000 449.000 05/18/2006 05/18/2006

FRUIT CHILE CHILE FRUIT 449.000 18 / 5 / 2006 17.214
CHILE FRUIT FRESH FRUIT
USA 05/18/2006 05/19/2006 9.885 486.910
CHILE FRESH PEARS FRESH FRUIT CHILE
05/23/2006 05/24/2006 83.775 3.304
CHILE FRESH FRUIT 24 / 5 / 2006
USA 600 GRAPES AND APPLES FRESH FRUIT
SPAIN 02/06/2006 06/05/2006 22.970 102.294
CHILE FRESH FRUIT FRESH FRUIT CHILE
07/06/2006 06/09/2006 20.448
APPLES / PEARS CHILE 23 336 9 / 6 / 2006 06/13/2006 27.251
FRUIT USA FRUIT
USA 27.251 27.251 06/13/2006 06/13/2006 USA

FRUIT FRUIT FRUIT
USA 06/13/2006 27.251 449.000 CHILE CHILE FRESH FRUIT
06/14/2006 06/22/2006 22.349
APPLES / PEARS CHILE 06/23/2006 54.000 84,586.40
CHILE FRESH FRUIT FRESH FRUIT CHILE
06/23/2006 06/30/2006 45.020 10.000
USA FRESH FRUIT FRESH FRUIT
USA 06/30/2006 07/04/2006 4.964
FRESH APPLES USA FRESH APPLE
19603.56 07/05/2006 72833.00 05/07/2006
CHILE CHILE FRESH FRUIT FRESH FRUIT
473,810.75 07/06/2006 07/19/2006 20.360
CHILE CHILE FRESH FRUIT FRESH FRUIT
19,582.40 07/20/2006 USA 17744.72 07/20/2006
EXPORTING PRODUCT NUMBER DATE 24/07/2006 46,284.80

APPLES CHILE CHILE FRESH FRUIT APPLE
30316.00 07/24/2006 / PEARS CHILE 07/26/2006 54.000 6.310
USA FRESH FRUIT FRESH GRAPE
USA 08/01/2006 08/01/2006 15,254.47 449.00
CHILE FRESH FRUIT FRESH FRUIT
02/08/2006 02/08/2006 449.00
CHILE CHILE FRESH GRAPES FRESH FRUITS
02/08/2006 15.933 11.785 04/08/2006 USA
apples, pears, kiwi, strawberries CHILE FRESH GRAPES
22.540 08/08/2006 09/08/2006 USA 54 449.000
CHILE FRESH FRUIT FRESH FRUIT CHILE
08/10/2006 08/10/2006 217.140 217.140
CHILE FRESH FRUIT FRESH FRUITS
10/8/2006 CHILE FRESH FRUIT
91,070.40 08/10/2006 10/08/2006 USA 17248.40 30481.70
CHILE FRESH FRUIT FRESH FRUIT CHILE
08/17/2006 08/17/2006 90237.60 88177.60
CHILE FRESH FRUIT RED APPLES
08/17/2006 CHILE CALIFORNIA GRAPES
20.216 43.000 08/21/2006 08/22/2006 U.S.
FRESH FRUIT FRESH FRUIT
2.171 08/22/2006 22/08/2006 U.S. 2.171 2.171 U.S.
FRESH FRUIT FRESH FRUIT U.S.
08/22/2006 08/22/2006 2.171 2.171 U.S.
FRESH FRUIT FRESH APPLE
08/22/2006 08/23/2006 19.152
CHILE CHILE FRESH FRUIT FRESH FRUIT 486,529.41 U.S.
08/24/2006 - 24/8/2006 31,166.65
FRESH FRUITS 25/8/2006
MIAMI FRESH FRUIT FRESH FRUIT
09/18/2006 62.505 10.880 18/09/2006
CHILE FRESH FRUIT GRAPES
USA 08/28/2006 4.584 1.582 28/08/2006
CHILE CHILE APPLES FRESH APPLES
3.192 08/28/2006 CHILE FRESH APPLE
08/28/2006 23.712. PEAR, KIWI CHILE FRESH APPLE
08/28/2006 10.880 40.432 28/08/2006
CHILE EXPORTING PRODUCT NUMBER DATE
RAISINS SEEDLESS GRAPES USA USA
1.850 14.302 08/28/2006 08/30/2006 USA
FRESH FRUITS 7.100 14.486 08/30/2006 04/09/2006 U.S.

GRAPES STRAWBERRY PULP
BRAZIL 09/04/2006 7.140 14.727 05/09/2006 USA GRAPES FRESH GRAPES FRESH USA

1.540 09/06/2006 FRESH FRUIT USA 217.140
UVA 09/07/2006 09/07/2006 29938.76
USA FRESH FRUIT FRESH USA 217.140 CHILE FROZEN STRAWBERRIES
09/07/2006 09/08/2006 12.012 1.600 U.S.
FRESH FRUIT FRESH FRUIT
12/09/2006 5.624 CHILE FRESH FRUIT
USA 09/12/2006 09/12/2006 27.251 27.251
USA FRESH FRUIT FRESH FRUIT
USA 09/12/2006 09/12/2006 27.251 27.251
USA 12/09/2006 FRESH FRUIT FRESH FRUIT
449.000 CHILE CHILE FRESH FRUIT
09/14/2006 09/14/2006 449.000 43.000
USA FRESH GRAPES FRESH GRAPES
USA 09/15/2006 09/15/2006 43.000 449.000
CHILE FRESH FRUIT FRESH FRUIT
09/18/2006 CHILE FRUIT 449.000
09/18/2006 CHILE FRESH FRUIT FRESH
09/18/2006 449.000 449.000 CHILE CHILE FROZEN STRAWBERRIES
09/18/2006 09/18/2006 17.000 60.648
CHILE FRESH APPLE FRUIT
19/09/2006 09/19/2006 USA
458.105 STRAWBERRY U.S. FRESH FRUITS
7.200 19/09/2006 19/09/2006 USA
16,606.18 MIAMI 12 APPLES AND GRAPES FRUIT
09/20/2006 / 09/21/2006 20.216 CHILE APPLES FRESH APPLES CHILE
150.24 21 / 9 / 2006 U.S.
FRESH FRUIT FRESH FRUIT
9/21/2006 10.340 10.340 9/21/2006 USA USA
FRESH GRAPES FRESH PEARS
09/22/2006 16.200 16,891.95 09/12/2006 USA

Table 4. Timing of application of insecticides, product name and insect.

INSECT CULTURE PRODUCT NAME DATE OF APPLICATION APPLIED


Cucumis melon (melon)

* Bemisia tabaci Thrips palmi

* Aphis gossypii



agricultural oils


agricultural oils


agricultural oils
Applications Legal measures: There is a host crop-free period (closure) for 3 months staggered planting regionalized disposal of rubbish, according to the resolutions promoting alternative crops during the off-season.


During the period of growth.

During the crop growth period (15-20 days). Yellow traps were placed in Coffea arabica



(Brown) Planococcus citri

Coccus viridis
Saissetia coffeae
* hampei

Hypothenemus

Beauveria bassiana Cesphalonomia setephanoderis



From flowering period.

INSECT CULTURE PRODUCT NAME DATE OF APPLICATION APPLIED

sp
Citrus (Citrus) * Toxoptera aurantii

Toxoptera citricida
Icerya purchasi
Coccus viridis
Selenaspidus articulatus
Chrysomphalus aonidum
Lepidosaphes beckii
Phyllocnistis citrella citri
Unaspsis
Dialeurodes citrifolii
Floccosus Aleurothrixus
Epitragus aurulentus
* Diaprepes abbreviatus
agricultural oils


Beauveria bassiana Metarhizium anisoplie

Entomopathogenic nematodes
Tetrastichus haitiensis



regular applications throughout the year.


Mangifera indica (Mango) Anastrepha oblique

* * Anastrepha suspensa




Traps (McPhail and Multilure
).

Traps (McPhail and Multilure
).
every 7 days during the fruiting season and every 15 days in low season. For low prevalence area A. oblique and A. suspensa.
* In economic importance.

NOTE: These products are applied after learning of the pest population density.
1) List of products used for the maintenance and preservation of quality.
not use any product in any crop this report.

NOTE: This research was conducted by technicians SEA. RD Plant

Benelli Supersport 20 Gauge

IMPORTANT INFORMATION

MAIN TYPES OF GREENHOUSE

1. INTRODUCTION.
A greenhouse is any enclosed structure covered with transparent material within which it is possible to obtain artificial microclimate conditions, and thus grow plants outside station in good condition.

The advantages of using greenhouses are: 1 .- Earliness

in fruits.
2 .- To increase the quality and performance. 3 .- Production
outdated.
4 .- Water saving and fertilizer.
5 .- Improving insect and disease control.
6 .- Ability to obtain more than one crop cycle a year.
Disadvantages:
7.-High initial investment.
8.-High cost of operation. 9.-
requires expertise, practical experience and theoretical knowledge.

greenhouses can be classified in different ways. As

attend certain characteristics of building elements (for external profile as their fixation or mobility, roofing material, according to the material of the structure, etc.).
The choice of a greenhouse is a function of a number of factors or technical aspects:

soil type.

should choose well-drained soils and high quality but with modern fertigation systems can be used poor soils with good drainage and artificial substrates.
a) Topography. Are preferable places small slope oriented north to south.
b) Winds. Be taken into account the direction, intensity and wind speed dominant.
c) bioclimatic requirements of the species in cultivation
d) Climatic characteristics of the zone or area where the greenhouse will be built
e) Availability of labor (human factor)
f) local economic imperatives (market and marketing .)
According to the structural, greenhouses can

Sort of:
Drawings or vine type. Type
amagado scratchcard. Asymmetric
.
Chapel (two waters to a water)
chapel
Type Double or semi-cylindrical tunnel. Glass or
Venlo.


2. GREENHOUSE PLAN OR TYPE PARRAL.

Such gases are used in areas with little precipitation, although it is undesirable for construction. The structure of these gases are composed of two distinct parts, a vertical and horizontal structure:
vertical structure.
is made up of rigid media can be differentiated depending perimeter (fence brackets and bands located in the corner) or inside (right foot).
intermediate Studs are usually separated about 2 m in longitudinal and transverse direction 4m, while separations are also 2x2 and 3x4.
perimeter supports are inclined outward approximately 30 ° from the vertical and with the winds that hold the upper end cordate serve to tighten the wire cover. These supports generally have a separation of 2 m, although in some cases are used distance of 1.5 m.
Both external and internal supports may be pine or eucalyptus logs and galvanized steel pipes.

The horizontal structure is formed by two overlapping galvanized wire mesh, manually implemented simultaneously with the construction of the greenhouse and used to carry and hold the plastic sheet.
greenhouses have a flat deck height varies between 2.15 and 3.5 m height of the bands between 2 and 2.7 m. The supports of the greenhouse is supported by prefabricated concrete blocks placed truncated on small caissons.
The main advantages of the greenhouse plans include construction
's economy.
Its great adaptability to the terrain. Mayor
wind resistance. Take
rain water in dry periods.
presents a very uniform light. The disadvantage of
are
little volume of air.
stuffiness. Installation of windows
zenith is quite difficult.
Too much specialization in construction and maintenance. Rapid aging
installation. Little or nothing
advisable in wet places. Risk of caving
bags rainwater that form in the plastic sheet.
Risk of destruction of plastic and installation by their vulnerability to wind. Hard
difficulty in mechanization and tillage by the excessive number of poles, wire winds, anchor stones, etc.
tight little drip of rainwater and air as it is necessary to make holes in the plastic to the union of the two wire mesh, which favors the proliferation of fungal diseases.

3. GASES IN RASPA and Amager.

Its structure is very similar to the type vine but varies the shape of the deck. It increases the maximum height of the greenhouse at the ridge, which ranges between 3 and 4.2 m, forming what is known as scraping. In the lower part, known as amagado, join the mesh cover to the ground by winds and iron forks allows you to put the gutters for drainage of rainwater. Amagado height ranges from 2 to 2.8 m, the bands between 2 and 2.5 m.
The separation between the supports and the winds of Amager is 2x4 and the angle of the deck between 6 and 20 º, the latter being the optimum value. The recommended orientation is east-west. Advantages
scrape greenhouses and amagado:
• - The economy.
•-unit volume has increased and therefore higher thermal inertia night temperature increases with respect to greenhouse levels.
• - has good sealing to rain and wind, thus reducing indoor humidity during periods of rain.
• - presents a greater surface free of obstacles.
• - Allows overhead ventilation system located downwind, along the edge of the ridge.
Disadvantages:
• "Differences in brightness between the south and the north side of the greenhouse.
• - does not take advantage of rainwater.
• - change is hard plastic cover.
• "By having more developed area will increase heat loss through the roof.


4. ASYMMETRICAL GREENHOUSE OR INACRAL.

differs from the type amagado scraped and the increased area on the exposed face south to increase its capacity to capture solar radiation. For this, the greenhouse is oriented east-west, parallel to the sun's apparent path.
The slope of the roof should be one that allows solar radiation impinges perpendicularly on the deck at midday during the winter solstice, a time when the sun reaches its lowest point. This angle should be close to 60 º but it causes great inconvenience by the instability of the structure to high winds. For this angle taken between 8 and 11 on the south side and between 18 and 30 on the north side.
The maximum height of the ridge varies between 3 and 5 m and a height of 2.3 to 3 m. The height of the bands between 2.15 and 3 m. The separation of domestic support is usually 2x4 m. Advantages
asymmetrical greenhouses:
• - Good use of light in winter.
• - The economy.
• - High thermal inertia due to its unit volume.
.- It is waterproof to rain and wind.
• - Good ventilation due to its high altitude.
• - Allows ventilation system overhead downwind. Disadvantages
asymmetrical greenhouses:
• - No advantage of the rainwater.
• - It is difficult to change a plastic cover.
• - has more heat loss through the roof due to the largest developed area compared to the flat type.


5. CHAPEL GREENHOUSE.

simple chapel greenhouses have roof forming one or two inclined planes, as a water or two waters.
This type of greenhouse is commonly used, highlighting the following Benefits: • Easy
construction and easy maintenance.
• It is acceptable for placement of all types of plastic on the cover.
• Ventilation vertical walls is very easy and can make large areas with simple mechanization. It is also easier to install windows zenith.
• It has great facilities for draining rainwater.
• To join several ships on drums.
The width is usually given to these greenhouses is 12 to 16 meters. The ridge height is between 3.25 and 4 meters.
If the inclination of the planes of the roof is more 25 ° do not provide problems in the evacuation of rainwater.
Ventilation is by front and side windows. When it comes to structures formed by several ships joined the zenith makes no windows for ventilation.


6. CHAPEL GREENHOUSE DOUBLE

double chapel greenhouses consist of two ships side by side. Ventilation is better than in other types of emissions, because they have overhead ventilation system on the top of the two steps that form the juxtaposition of the two ships, these vents typically remain open constantly and they usually get in mosquito netting. In addition they also have ventilation vertical front and side walls.
This type of greenhouse is not widespread because their construction is more difficult and expensive than the type of greenhouse simple chapel gable.

7. GREENHOUSE TUNNEL OR Half-cylinders.

form is characterized by its cover and all-metal structure. The use of such gases is spreading its best to control the climate, its resistance to strong winds and speed of installation to be prefabricated structures.
brackets are galvanized iron pipes have an inner separation 5x8 or 3x5 m. The maximum height of this type of greenhouse between 3.5 and 5 m. Sidebands are taken heights from 2.5 to 4 m.
The width of these ships is between 6 and 9 permit my townhouse several ships on drums. The zenithal ventilation through windows that open onto the outside of the greenhouse. Advantages
tunnel greenhouses:
• Structures with few obstacles in its structure.
• Good ventilation. • Good sealing
to rain and wind.
• Allows ventilation system overhead downwind and facilitates machining operation.
• Good distribution of light inside the greenhouse.
• Easy installation.
Disadvantages:
• High cost.
• It uses water from rain.


8.INVERNADEROS GLASS OR Venlo.

This type of greenhouse, also called Venlo, is a prefabricated metal structure covered with glass and are generally used in Northern Europe.
The roof of the industrial gases consists of glass panels resting on the channels for rainwater collection and a set of crossbars. The width of each module is 3.2 m. From the canals to the ridge there is a single pane of glass with a length of 1.65 m and width varying from 0.75 m to 1.6 m.
The separation between columns in the direction parallel to the channel is 3m. In the transverse direction is 3.2 m apart if there is a line of columns under each channel, or 6.4 m if constructed a lattice-type beam.
Advantages: • Good sealing
allowing for a better climate control in greenhouses.
Disadvantages:
• The abundance of structural elements means less light transmission. • The high cost
. • Ships
very small due to the complexity of its structure.


9. MATERIALS USED IN STRUCTURES.

The structure is the frame of the greenhouse, consisting of studs, joists, rafters, belts, etc.., Which support the cover, wind, rain, snow, equipment installed, overloads staking plants, irrigation and water spray, etc. Should be kept to a minimum shading and freedom of internal movement.
greenhouse structures must meet the following conditions:
• They must be lightweight and strong.
• From cheap and easy material conservation.
• Susceptible to be extended.
• small area they occupy.
• Adaptable and modifiable to cover materials.
The greenhouse structure is one of the structures that best be studied from the point of view the strength and economy, when defined by a particular type of greenhouse.
The materials used in construction of the greenhouse structures are wood, iron, aluminum, galvanized wire and concrete.
is difficult to find a structure type that uses only one kind of material because it is common to use different materials.
structures in greenhouses that are built now combine the following materials: wood and wire, wood, iron and wire, iron and wood, iron, wire and wood, concrete and wood, concrete and iron, concrete, iron , wire and wood. The

Drawings Of A Beauty Salon

phenomenological theory GREENHOUSE TYPES OF CORRUPTION

Phenomenology:
Phenomenology is the philosophical study of the phenomena is to describe ... and describe the structures of consciousness that have to do with them.
From another perspective, the phenomenology belongs to the philosophy that analyzes and studies the phenomena thrown into the consciousness, that is, the essences of things, and by extension is the science that studies the relationship between facts (phenomena) and area in which this reality is (psyche, consciousness) transcendent.

Political corruption Political corruption is defined as the misuse of public (government) power to achieve an illegitimate advantage, usually secret, private, directly or in collusion with others. The opposite end political corruption is transparency. For this reason we can speak of the level of corruption or transparency of a state or government, in the context of a society ...
All types of government are susceptible to political corruption. Forms of corruption vary, but the most common and frequent are the illegitimate use of privileged information, influence peddling, fraud or falsification of elections, the patronage, bribery, extortion, influence, fraud, embezzlement, prevarication, chieftaincy, cronyism, cooptation, nepotism and impunity among others.
Corruption potenciabiliza possible and, while an accomplice is often other criminal acts such as drug trafficking, money laundering, and prostitution, which is not restricted to these organized crimes, and not always supports or protects other crimes.
The concept of corruption is walking among us and differs depending on the country or jurisdiction. The truth is that some political practices may be legal in one place and illegal in others. In some countries, police and prosecutors should be discreet about who arrested and charged, and the line between discretion and corruption can be difficult to draw and collect or prosecute.
In this context we can say ... that in some countries, interest groups with strong political, business, professional and military, corrupt practices occur more easily, and sometimes are part and parcel of the social democratic agenda of the day ... day.
From this perspective the twenty-first century society recognizes that political corruption is a global reality, and their level of tolerance or fighting shows the political maturity of each country. For the same reason there are national and international organizations, official and private, with a mission to monitor and even "tolerate" the international level of administrative corruption.
corruption, contrary to what one might think initially it's not just the responsibility of the official sector, the state or the government in power, the weak leadership or its democratic character, but includes in particular the private sector. In many countries, and Latin America, this, the private sector, has great influence and state complicity and therefore the level of corruption present in those countries has much to do with the way we behave and modeling own private sector together with political systems not excluding the political leadership.
The phenomenon of philosophy versus the phenomenon of corruption
Upon entering the study of the origin of philosophy .. is necessary and essential to choose a starting point. In this context we start with a series of historical transformations that occurred from the eighth century C., among which include "the passage of the agrarian economies relatively closed to the formation of large urban centers such as commercial marine Miletus, a city that, in the sixth century BC became one of the points international trade center of the era, that linked trade Egyptians, Phoenicians, Etruscans, Ionians, Achaeans, and librarians and that generated a significant accumulation of wealth in the Greek communities; while these cities, Ephesus, Samos, Colophon, Miletus, etc..
In those days and in that city, Miletus, knew an intense process of democratization, a phenomenon linked to the necessary political movement of the old nobility and kings of agricultural origin tried to make the rich Greek shipowners and merchants. In Athens, one of the most important Greek cultural centers, the base of the social hierarchy will consist of wealth, not by birth. "
are present at that time other events that make possible the emergence of the logos: the emergence currency, alphabetic writing, timing, political organization cities, the largest technical progress, etc.., but also the fact that there were no Miletus powerful priestly caste, made more expeditious than knowing you were going secular. In a parallel epistemological
can say that corruption has been, like philosophy, a historical thread and a social, cultural, business and politics that "justifies" and recreates.
is no doubt that in the absence of public policies in favor of a process of generating wealth and productive employment, and other vast areas of poverty is not possible to recreate a climate conducive to the development of science, philosophy, knowledge and by others of an ethical profile, and entrenched social morality in a construction of values, principles and standards axiological and transparent.
well as around the bed of the river grows and develops green spring, just as in a context of growth, development and welfare, as at Miletus, given the subjective and objective conditions for the insertion of an epistemological community under progress. And this same scenario for the flourishing of philosophy is also suitable for transparent public life in moral and ethical. Cultural Heritage

If it is true that in Latin America have a historical bias corrupt figure of the English exchange gold mirror at the expense of the indigenous population, is no less true that English businessmen even change our power outages and poor and expensive euro, even in the XXI century. Heresy of destiny!
We can say that certain countries, cultures and climates are more prone to corruption and backwardness scientific or philosophical thinking ... and we might be talking about a symmetry cultural, anthropological and business nuances and realities that vary according to levels or degrees of development or underdevelopment?
The problem is posed. Corruption, as a hypothesis, is a result of the inability of people to achieve broad levels progress, welfare and development in a social, political and economic conditions with serious moral and ethical deterioration rooted in society itself ...
corruption is a social phenomenon, and political? Is a lack of values \u200b\u200band principles inherent in a social community to man, and if anthropological? O is a variable dependent on the levels of poverty and adverse social environment, in conjunction with the lack of historical and axiological values?
is a consequence of the delay or absence of a ruling political class lacking in principles, values, and without a philosophical and ideological construction and doctrine about human challenge of man by man from the perspective of progress?
It may be the result of poor leadership, spent and no horizon from within civil society or private to erode the foundations of state and government of the day as pandemic and progressive social institutions in terms of historical evolution?
Political corruption is no stranger to our social, historical and market is closely linked to our poor development in terms of wealth, nation, state and government.

is a rampant social evil of our culture as a nation, as a society that inherits and splashed in our state government in historical terms.


Now to blame?

A civil society, market, political leadership, the union leadership, business, society as a whole, the opposition, the judiciary, the judiciary, state, or the government?

I think this is a historic social debt in which the elements and all have a past due share of responsibility "? ..




Severino Miguel Ángel Rodríguez
President

Healthy Eating Sloagns

A PURPOSE OF CORRUPTION.

Friday June 24, 2009

Whenever Dominican democracy is preparing to attend a tournament electoral systematically, in a surprising coincidence that only the naive, filter media in a media campaign for transparency and fight and fight against corruption.

Not that it's bad that the national press echoes and accomplice in a real feast for sound public administration, the treasury, ensuring that the democratic society, the institutional leadership, officials and bureaucrats ... observe precepts, values \u200b\u200band principles of conduct in ethical terms, in moral and axiological daily work and in front of their public and private responsibilities.

For the purposes of talking about political corruption seems to me appropriate that we look at the record of service in public behavior in ethical behavior, civic and bureaucratic those flying the media campaign to demand that society and public authorities to punish those potential public officials. ¿?

In this context, the Alliance Loenelista PRD, we wonder what has happened and will happen to political corruption in historical terms? Yesterday exonerated corrupt because it calls for punishment of corruption present and future? Category and time has added value in terms of release and exonerate the past corrupt governments? Politicians and officials are exempt from corruption once passed to the opposition or outside the government? Only government officials may turn complained of and be liable to be classified as corrupt?

is the issue of corruption a fad? Is corruption an election category? Political corruption a campaign tool?

The media presence of the theme of political corruption in an electoral context is a revealing indicator, so true, the lack of a philosophical construct, ideological and doctrine of democratic leadership and senior management of all business associations, academics, social, community and professional society in a given situation and time.

Similarly reveals the absence of intent and proposals from the leadership of the party, its leaders and national media in a society and people who claim the construction of concrete proposals the social and economic problems as well as model a partisan political platform to relaunch in axiological terms of social behavior and political democracy and its actors supporters.

have high moral quality of the PRD political leadership, and its main actors and speakers, to condemn and punish the potential demand of this corrupt governance if they were not able to In the past, what bad call on this?

civil society is irrelevant to the issue of public corruption? The national press is free from sin? We exclude the private sector of the record of corruption? The high political leadership of the parties can Dominicans display a certificate of public morality? A clear not with rare exceptions, will be the answer to all questions that underlies the theme of political corruption.

is concerned the issue of political corruption? To say that corruption is the media and / or policy frees us of responsibility and guilt? Others denounce corruption frees us from guilt?

The PRD Partnership congratulates Dr. Leonel Fernández for his attitude assumed to the issue of political corruption in his meeting with the heads of media. We believe an initiative and a correct decision to involve the main actors media and exchange views and to reach each of them a set of legal and administrative provisions of this administration scheduled with the express purpose of curbing a scourge historical profile.

The President of the Republic bet in favor of transparency, it leaves a moral and ethical challenge to current staff, while the national press invited to be part of the commitment of the nation and society as a whole, to meet the challenge of framers of the Dominicans to ensure a healthy and proper administration of the treasury from the present governance.

The Dr. Leonel Fernandez leaves open the doors of justice in the hands of the judiciary and especially in the hands of the Supreme Court of Justice and the Accounts Chamber Republic putting the law and criminal law in the service of society as it is up to both sectors ... initiate appropriate processes to determine the levels of disciplinary, administrative, civil and criminal cuentandante.

The Dr. Leonel Fernandez has demonstrated once again that he, his administration, and attitude are above personal interest and desire is manifest, and perennial, that the acts committed officials at odds with morality and the law have the power to impose penalties of law enforcement in each case regardless of social conditions or policies.

A political corruption purposes remains to be seen and expect the very fact that the judiciary, the national press, civil society and the private sector itself constitute actors and pillars that foster a climate of citizen behavior in terms of ethical and moral from all democratic life scenarios and issues of Dominican society and institutional actors.

The PRD Partnership expected the issue of corruption is no longer part of the political actors, electoral, and the private sector and all of Dominican society to cover it as a commitment to the nation and state, as is a healthy concern honorable President of Republic ...

brings little to the debate that the current president, de facto, the Dominican Revolutionary Party, a broad sector of society viewed it as potentially corrupt, now assume a role and any conduct for which they are carried to the dock officials alleged this corrupt government.

PRD Alliance invites the Mr. Miguel Vargas Maldonado at Hipólito Mejía, and the entire top leadership of the PRD to make ethical and moral act paradigm and presented before the courts of the Republic so that the healing process ethical and moral Dominican political society begins with them and once they would be exonerated of guilt the most appropriate actors to ask the people and the whole nation to stand up to ask to Unison potential prosecution of corrupt officials of this government if it so determines justice. And you will do justice for the Dominican government healthy.

The PRD Partnership challenges the high political leadership of the PRD, if you are interested in clean and transparent public administration and model, from an axiological , to determine, by resolution, that all former government officials last Hipólito Mejía (the Dr. Jorge Blanco) have their assets, properties and assets to a Commission on Ethics, Transparency International audit their fortunes and the Menara they can ask the same for this government.

Severino Miguel Ángel Rodríguez

President

Catchy Slogans For Smoothies

ECOLOGICAL IMPACT ON CROP USE IMPORTS AGROQUIMICOS

1 .- INTRODUCTION

This century has seen an extraordinary growth world agricultural production due to the combined effect of the incorporation of new land under cultivation, increased production under irrigation and the introduction of innovations that increase yields per unit, as the use of agrochemicals in food production primarily through raised the Green Revolution.

now seems certain that the availability of the first two agents increased production are relatively inelastic and that the generation of food, must increasingly rely on technological progress, ie the ability to produce wealth discovering new and better uses available resources. This has forced the increased use of agrochemicals with the consequent result of the problem below.

Marx said one of the ten philosophical thesis his work LUDWIG FEUARBACH CRITICISM AND THE END OF CLASSICAL GERMAN PHILOSOPHY, ¨ No is just identifying the problem but it is also equally important, the approach of possible solutions.

It raised before the need arises, to study and identify all the implications and interactions of the factors affecting food production with the use of agrochemicals. With the main aim of proposing solutions viable and contribute to the development of our society and future generations.

2 .- PROBLEM PLANTEMIENTO

The economic, social, ecological and environmental crisis stems from the fact that human beings can actively intervene half to meet their needs, and through it, are causing great harm to the environment and all living things that depend on that environment.

intervention of mankind over nature has increased in the modern era as a result of scientific and technological development. Some people have had an over nature, exploiting renewable natural resources nonrenewable uncontrolled manner, making thus, endangered the life on the planet.

At the same time, the population growth caused an increase in food production, giving rise to the development of activities such as agriculture and livestock.

agricultural activities and livestock, also contribute to environmental pollution. The ecological imbalance generated to enter farming in an environment, produce such a gap, which leads to develop crop pests. To combat pests, developed the production of biocides (pesticides, herbicides, insecticides, bactericides), substances also able to end the life of any plant and animal species.

Unfortunately, biocides kill the pest but cause the following problems:

interfere in the ecological balance because they hurt species that have nothing to do with cultivation or breeding.

They enter the food chain through the first-order consumers such as herbivores, and then cause damage to people.

damage the health of human beings as poisonings and dermatitis, when consuming vegetables that have been supplied by biocide.

contribute to water pollution when leach into groundwater that supply to rivers and lakes.

Meanwhile fertilizer are chemicals produced by industry to supply nutrients to the soil as nitrogen salts, phosphate or potassium, calcium, magnesium and sulfur, to encourage the crops to improve plant productivity. The contamination of soil, air and water by the use of fertilizers is mainly due to:

The indiscriminate use of fertilizer by farmers on crops.

the manner of distribution over large areas of agricultural fertilizer.

Nitrites present in fertilizers can cause serious diseases like cancer .

Meanwhile, deforestation creates an ecological imbalance, and burning to renew pastures, destroys organic matter that enriches soil and promotes the extinction of animals and plants.

species develop resistance to the biocidal product when it is used very frequently, thereby increasing the concentrations of these substances to be effective against the pest.

livestock activities poorer soils and can also contaminate them with water. However, agricultural activities are very important because of the power generated at the same time provide jobs. But also generate a heavy load of pollution due to drag and dispersion of biocide, fertilizer and sediment, which falling into rivers, lakes and oceans, contaminating them.

3 .- OBJECTIVES

objective.

The primary objective of this study is to understand the real dynamics of the interaction between the use of agrochemicals in food production and environmental, economic and social, to propose solutions.

specific objectives.

- Role of the use of agrochemicals in the cost of food production and the national economy.

- social consequences of the use of agrochemicals in food production.

- environmental consequences of the use of agrochemicals.

- Identification of possible solutions proposed.

4 .- DEVELOPMENT.

4.1 .- GENERAL CONCEPTS:

Before discussing the specifics of this presentation is necessary to examine some concepts, such as: what is meant by Environment? To (Brussels 1988) is the totality of the material environment of human life, both natural and not. Similarly, environmental degradation is caused by human action as a social and is the realization of a historic process of exploitation environmental abuse, based on ideological premises and forms of social organization. To Folch (1978) environmental science is one whose purpose is the integration of social, political and ideological involved in human use of ecosystems. Means pesticides are substances or active ingredients and formulations or preparations containing one or more of these substances or active ingredients whose purpose is to act as a rodenticide, disinfectant, insecticide, fungicide, repellent, attractant, etc.

Since time immemorial, man has always caused effects on the ecosystem of which it forms part. With the passage of time and the development of science and technology have deepened such that is the man to increase your comfort and safety, threatens to disrupt natural ecosystems to a degree almost irreversible.

The first significant change on the ecosystem began with the development of agriculture when the man was simply a collection of food, its effect on the environment was minimal and confined to only the vicinity maintaining immediate fire for heat and cooking.

With the advent of agriculture increased effects, it was necessary to lighten the natural vegetation forests, to plant crops. The increasing amount of food available due to the plantations, stimulated the rapid growth of human population, more people meant more land occupation and therefore increase the effects on the environment.

With the expansion of agriculture trade flourished that led to movement between populations. By increasing the population was necessary to change the style of life, becoming more complex. Appeared then, other industrial activities such as transportation, urban construction and other characters of modern life, identified as ecologically disrupting human activities, as they have had a negative impact on her environment.

4.2 .- MODERN AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT

The traditional production came to a head before a primary factor considered such as the "market". The company had a growing demand for agricultural products and likewise qualified on certain products (meat). This effect could not be matched by the traditional production, so there was a mismatch between supply and demand of products. In this way, and to give partial answer to this, the producer turned to the bulk purchase of inputs and sale of products by entering the cash economy.

There was then called "the first environmental impact," where the producer uses:

- Mechanization

- Use of chemicals (fertilizers, pesticides, preservatives, etc).

- breaks (crops) out of order.

All these factors led to the alteration of the landscape and the onset of environmental pollution.

Moreover, as a result of this increase in consumption, prices tended to rise and be resorted to imports. This attracted investment capital extra land, finally settling for the characteristics of agriculture and livestock "modern" that led to the "second environmental impact."

These characteristics are:

- concentration of production, usually close to consumption centers and large-scale units.

- specialization of production, creating clusters. All this has entailed a decrease in the number of farms, with their implications.

Intensification of production, becoming independent of the earth to be an independent factor.

For agriculture, these characteristics have brought with them:

- Excessive use of fertilizers, animal manure and pesticides, which resulted in many cases water pollution, soil and air, in addition to health problems in the people and questionable quality of the products.

- environmental problems, through alteration of the landscape, loss of biodiversity, as well as health disorders.

For farms, the timing of this intensive model began with the production of eggs, followed by chickens, then pigs, cattle also reach for meat and milk and other minor species, and some of its consequences:

- High volumes of excreta and its disposal, the problems of filtration of nitrogen and phosphorus (eutrophication), methane, carbon dioxide, ammonia, hydrogen sulfide. Heavy metals, health issues (micro-organisms, zoonoses).

- The biological quality of meat is highly questionable, due to extensive use of antibiotics, pigmentation, anabolic and growth promoters used in these systems.

This intensive model based on capital investment, has the sole objective of profit maximization production and mass production, being similar to

Any industrial process type.

4.3 .- CAUSES OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS

As we said human activities have always been changes in the environment, however it is not until recent decades that the impact of human activities on the environment has accelerated and deepened. The pressures of life to the rapid population growth, lavish and uncontrolled consumption, urbanization, industrial expansion and progress of science and technology have caused these rapid changes in the environment.

The main causes of environmental degradation include:

- Rapid population growth

- New problems through science and technology

- The development and industrialization

- concentration of human population.

These human activities have resulted in the contamination of the basic means of life such as air, water and soil.

4.4 .- ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS OF THE DOMINICAN REPUBLIC

In DR. countless environmental problems are largely due to the lack of environmental awareness both authorities and people in general, this coupled with rapid population growth with poor infrastructure to assist and social and economic changes experienced by the country.

however difficult to make a thorough study of environmental pollution our country. because the scientific information that we have is poor, so that we have been in serious difficulties in identifying the major agrochemical contaminants.

Water is one of the elements present in a greater extent in the life of man. It is used for human supply, agriculture and industry causing pollution thereof. The water pollution worthy of note is produced by agricultural waste, pesticides and fertilizers, and reaching surface streams and groundwater.

Several years ago the use of pesticides in the country was confined mainly in vegetables and cotton farms. Since then producers and distributors of agricultural inputs intensified the commercial promotion of pesticides and fertilizers. However, no efforts were made to educate pesticide users about the dangers associated with chemicals or the science of management.

dilutions and measurements are not accurate and the products are mixed without precaution. This problem not only affects public health but also has negative effects on soils.

Pesticides most used before 1981 were almost exclusively organic chlorine and there is evidence that these products persist in the soils of the Dominican Republic.

Current use of pyrethroid pesticides, carbamate and organophosphate products is very intense and although the biodegradation of these substances in tropical soils is relatively rapid, inappropriate handling overloads the soils with toxic chemicals and their metabolites.

RD Although no comprehensive studies have been conducted throughout the country, it is known that in areas where intensive farming is practiced serious pollution problems such as Constance.

As pesticides are handled, there is a high risk of coming into contact with them, this risk depends on the attention at the time of handling and use of appropriate clothing to work with them. At greatest risk are those working with technical products and concentrates as manufacturing, reformulation or repackaging of concentrates without proper equipment.

Because the main form of exposure to pesticides is the skin, caused by handling in the mixture and implementation of these, there is an alternative choice in formulations of products for use less exposed to the skin, and then presents the characteristics of certain formulations:

1 .- oil concentrates and emulsifiable concentrates of most chemicals easily penetrate through the skin.

2 .- Solid formulations, can penetrate the skin due to lower absorption by the carrier product is clay or other material.

The pellets are much more reliable to work and avoid skin exposure, and if they are covered is much better.

Another aspect to take into account when the application, to reduce pesticide exposure, is to manage the appropriate size of the drop, to avoid drift and toxicity, the powders used must take the necessary measures to prevent dispersion problems.

pollution by evaporation of the product may be considered if they come in close contact to the application area, these volatile products can be applied in low concentrations to reduce the risk.

devote attention to the appropriate formulation, then, can result not only in a more effective pest control and safe, but also to prevent human exposure and environmental pollution. Formulation can be a commercial product or the result of a tank mixture with appropriate additives to achieve the desired properties.

In many cases it was seen that the farmer does not consider much the proper disposal of containers. To prevent him from continuing to pollute, he must ensure that when you empty a container of pesticides, rinse the container before disposal. This is done in order to reduce the amount of pesticide waste that remains in the container and if you rinse the container several times and use that water to apply, would be giving a better use of your investment.

Usually the farmer uses the land for disposal of waste, if done this way, you must select a site that is away from home or where animals have access to the site and mostly away from any water source .

In order to solve the issues raised, we have developed a range of technologies, mainly grouped in what is known as IPM techniques, attached to the return to traditional production techniques, such as the Organic Production.