the flu?
swine influenza (flu) is a respiratory disease of pigs caused by influenza virus type A, which causes outbreaks of influenza among animals. The swine influenza virus in pigs seriously ill but mortality rates are low. These viruses can spread among pigs throughout the year, but most outbreaks occur in the final months of autumn and winter, as well as outbreaks in humans. The virus of classical swine flu (H1N1 influenza virus type A) was first isolated from a pig in 1930.
How many swine influenza virus are there?
Like all viruses of influenza, swine influenza viruses are constantly changing. Pigs can be infected by avian influenza viruses and human, as well as for the swine influenza virus. When influenza viruses from different species infect pigs, the virus can be grouped (ie swap genes) and new viruses may arise from the mixture of swine influenza virus with human influenza, or bird. Through the years, there have been various changes in swine influenza virus. Currently, there are four main subtypes of influenza virus isolated in pigs: H1N1, H1N2, H3N2 and H3N1. However, most influenza viruses recently isolated from pigs have been the H1N1 virus.
human swine influenza
"Humans can get swine flu?
The swine influenza viruses usually do not infect humans. However, there have been sporadic cases of swine influenza infections in humans. Usually, these cases occur in people who have direct exposure to pigs (ie, children who go to fairs or pigs in the swine industry workers). In addition, there have been some documented cases of people who have caught the virus of swine influenza to others. For example, in 1988, a suspected outbreak of swine flu infection in pigs in Wisconsin caused multiple human infections and, although there was an outbreak in the community, is antibody evidence of virus transmission from patient to patient care staff who had close contact with him.
How often swine flu infection in humans?
In the past, the CDC received reports of approximately one case of infection with swine influenza virus in humans every one to two years in the United States, however, from December 2005 to February 2009 have reported 12 cases of swine influenza infections in humans.
What are the symptoms of swine flu in humans?
The symptoms of swine flu in people are similar to those of seasonal influenza in humans and these include fever, lethargy, poor appetite, and cough. Some people with swine influenza have also been reported runny nose, sore throat, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea.
Can people swine flu from eating pork?
No. swine influenza virus is not transmitted by food. You may not swine flu from eating pork or pork products. There are no risks if you eat pork and its derivatives have been handled and cooked properly. If you cook pork to an internal temperature of 71 ° C (160 ° F) eliminating the swine influenza virus, as well as other bacteria and viruses.
How is it spread the flu?
influenza viruses can be transmitted directly from pigs to people and people to pigs. Infections in humans by the influenza virus from pigs are more likely to occur in people who are in close contact with infected pigs, including those working on pig farms and those involved in pig houses fairs, livestock exhibits. The swine influenza transmission from person to person can also occur. It is believed that this transfer is equal to that of seasonal influenza in people, ie mainly from person to person when infected by the virus of influenza cough or sneeze. People can become infected by touching something with influenza virus and then touching their mouth or nose.
What we know about human transmission of swine influenza from person to person?
In September 1988, a pregnant woman healthy 32-year-old was hospitalized for pneumonia and died eight days later. The swine influenza virus H1N1 was detected. Four days before becoming ill, the patient had visited an exhibition of pigs at a county fair where widespread influenza-like illness in pigs.
In follow-up studies, 76% of exhibitors from pigs which were tested showed antibody evidence of swine flu infection, although this group did not detect major diseases. Additional studies suggest that one to three employees of the medical staff who had contact with the patient developed mild flu-like illness and antibodies to swine influenza infection.
How are diagnosed with swine flu infections in humans?
To diagnose an infection with swine influenza A, usually must collect a sample of respiratory secretions between the first 4 to 5 days of illness (when an infected person is more likely to spread the virus). However, some people, especially children, can spread the virus for 10 days or more. For the identification of swine influenza virus type A is necessary to send the sample to the CDC for laboratory testing.
What medications are available to treat influenza infections in swine?
There are four different antiviral drugs that are approved in the United States for the treatment of influenza: amantadine, rimantadine, oseltamivir and zanamivir. Although the majority of swine influenza virus have been sensitive to the four types of drugs, the most recent virus swine influenza viruses isolated from humans are resistant to amantadine and rimantadine. Currently, the CDC recommends the use of oseltamivir or zanamivir for the prevention and treatment of infection with swine influenza virus. You can find more information on recommendations for treatment on site www.cdc.gov / flu / swine / recommendations.htm.
What other cases of swine flu outbreaks there?
Probably the best known case is an outbreak of swine flu among soldiers at Fort Dix, New Jersey, in 1976. The virus caused disease, x-ray evidence at least 4 soldiers and 1 death, all these patients had previously been healthy. The virus was transmitted to close contacts in an environment of basic training, and no transmission outside the basic training group. It is believed that the virus remained there a month and disappeared. The source of the virus, the exact date of his admission to Fort Dix, and factors limiting its spread and duration. The Fort Dix outbreak may have been caused by introduction of a virus from one animal to human populations under stress in close contact in crowded facilities and during the winter. The swine influenza virus type A contained a Fort Dix soldier was baptized A / New Jersey/76 (Hsw1N1).
Does swine influenza virus H1N1 is equal to the H1N1 influenza virus in humans?
No. swine influenza virus H1N1 viruses are antigenically very different from the H1N1 virus in humans, therefore, vaccines for seasonal influenza for persons not provide protection against swine influenza virus H1N1. Swine influenza in pigs
How swine flu spread among pigs?
is believed that the swine influenza virus is spread mainly through close contact between pigs and possibly contaminated objects moving between infected and uninfected pigs. Pig herds with continuous swine influenza infections and herds that are vaccinated against this disease may have sporadic disease, may have no symptoms or only mild symptoms of infection.
What are the signs of swine influenza in pigs?
signs of swine flu may include sudden onset of fever, depression, cough (groan), runny nose and eyes, sneezing, difficulty breathing, eye redness or swelling and loss of interest in food.
How often is the swine influenza in pigs?
viruses H1N1 and H3N2 swine influenza is endemic among pig populations in the United States and is one that the industry deals with routinely. Outbreaks among pigs normally occur usually in cold weather months (late fall and winter) and sometimes with the introduction of new pigs into susceptible herds. Studies have shown that the H1N1 swine influenza is common in pig populations worldwide and that 25 percent of the animals show signs of antibodies against infection. Studies in the United States have shown that 30 percent of the population of pigs tested have presented evidence of antibodies for H1N1 infection. To be more precise, has proven the presence of antibodies to H1N1 infection in 51 percent of pigs in north central United States. Infections in humans by the H1N1 virus of swine influenza are rare. At present, there is no way to differentiate in pigs produced antibodies in reaction to the vaccination of antibodies generated against the H1N1 swine influenza infections.
Although swine influenza virus H1N1 have been found in pig populations since at least 1930, swine influenza virus H3N2 did not begin circulating among pigs in the United States until 1998. The H3N2 virus first entered the pig populations by humans. The current influenza virus swine H3N2 viruses are closely related to the H3N2 virus in humans.
Is there a vaccine for swine flu? There
vaccines given to pigs to prevent swine influenza. However, there is no vaccine to protect people against influenza virus. It is possible that seasonal influenza vaccine provides partial protection against H3N2 virus but not against the H1N1 influenza virus.
(Source: Center for Infectious Disease Coordinator CCID)
(National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases (NCIRD)
(Preparation and Planning Pandemic Flu) (Flu)
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